Saboteur

Optimal play in Saboteur, a hidden-role card game by Frederic Moyersoen. Part of Board Game Theory.

Box of the card game Saboteur by Frederic Moyersoen

It is a card game set in a mine. The cards laid out vertically can make up paths that the players can use. The main dynamics of this game consist in the fact that, in the basic version, the players are divided into two sides: the good ones, the miners, and the bad ones, the saboteurs. Nobody knows anyone else's role, so one navigates blindly towards the nugget, which is the objective the good ones have to reach, while the saboteurs, in order to win, have to obtain the opposite result, that is they have to stop the miners from reaching the gold nugget by the end of the game, which is when the cards run out.

The question is: how should one behave in order to maximise one's chances of victory, depending on whether you are a miner or a saboteur? Starting from the assumption that nobody knows anyone else's role, the only way to work out who your allies and your enemies are is through the observation of their moves, just as the only way to make clear which side we are on is through our own actions.

The miners

The miners, to play perfect play, have to aim at building as much as possible and as fast as possible, heading straight for the face-down cards beneath which lie the three nuggets, of which only one is gold. They are favoured by numbers, since there are more of them, but time is their enemy: if the cards run out, they lose. Their priority is to get close to the nuggets, and to do that they have to play as a team, sharing all the information. They must not block roads nor players, only build. If they have a map card they must share the news: they have no interest whatsoever in not revealing it.

The saboteurs

The saboteurs are at a disadvantage and it can be said that they often lose, so they have to play impeccably in order to win, because the game deliberately puts them at a disadvantage. They have the opposite objective: they have to waste time, lead the road astray, put in detours and block the miners. But doing this is not enough to win. Being a saboteur demands far more cunning: it is not enough to obstruct the others, it has to be done at the right moment, not too early and not too late. If the saboteurs reveal themselves openly straight away, the miners, who are in the majority, block them and in the long run win; at the same time, if they do not act for too long, the miners will indeed remain confused about who their allies are, but they will meet no opposition and will be able to get close to the gold nugget. Their tactic therefore has to be to pass themselves off as good ones for as long as possible, accumulating destructive cards and keeping the good ones from being certain who the bad ones are, and then to strike, doing the maximum damage at a moment in the game when the good ones no longer have the time to neutralise them and reach the nugget.

As for the use of the cards, the saboteurs have to be careful not to attract too much attention: they have to discard in order to waste time, but not too often, otherwise they give themselves away; they have to build so as not to stand out, but without helping the miners too much. When they reveal themselves by carrying out acts of sabotage, it is better to use the building cards first, to lead the others astray, and to keep rockfall and block cards in hand: these can be used even when one is blocked and after having been revealed, and it is likely that this will happen.

As for the map card, the saboteurs have to be extremely careful, because for them this card can be very dangerous but at the same time it can be a great opportunity to win by leading the others astray. They must not be the first to use it: the saboteurs have no interest in starting the search for the nugget, the less is known and the longer it stays that way, the better. If they use it first and they lie, it is too easy to unmask them. At the same time, if the good ones find the nugget before they do, then they have to confirm it, otherwise the good ones understand that they are not on their side and the map card turns from a help into a boomerang. There is only one case in which the saboteurs have to use the map card: if by chance the good ones had no maps, or had few of them and got there late, then they have to sense the opportunity to lie. They can use one and say that the nugget is there when it is not, or, if they find the nugget, say that it is not there.

Saboteur is a game by Frederic Moyersoen, published in Italy by Giochi Uniti. The box image is theirs; the analysis is mine.