Board Game Theory

In this section I devote myself to researching the mechanics of board games, in order to understand how they work and to draw up the optimal playing strategy for each role.

What does a board game theory section have to do with the website of a financial researcher? Let me start by saying that, even if it may seem counterintuitive, this practice is extremely connected to financial markets. I believe that doing this exercise is an excellent way to understand how an investor should behave: not, of course, from a practical point of view, but from a theoretical one.

Markets, in fact, are a huge board game in which millions of players take part every day. These players are not all the same: as in many board games, each has their own role with their own characteristics. There are young investors and old investors, investors averse to risk and others inclined towards it, investors rich in capital but poor in income, and others poor in capital but with strong cash flows arriving every month. Each of these players is called upon to make their own choices within this enormous board called the stock exchange: a worldwide network of securities trading, interconnected day by day. This great board game seems apparently chaotic and unpredictable, but in reality there are rules of play and strategies for winning.

Obviously it is not easy. On the contrary, one might say that financial markets are the most difficult board game ever invented by man. Here the rules change: for years the market can rise, letting players believe that the winning strategy is buy and hold; but then it can collapse or move sideways, throwing into panic generations of players who will no longer feel like playing.

Well then, however dangerous and unpredictable it may be, in reality, like all games, this one too has its basic mechanics, and behind these mechanics lie the optimal playing strategies, different according to the characteristics of each investor, who will start from a different situation. This is what those who work in financial research do: they try to keep an eye on the rules of this enormous board game, rules that can be read only through mathematics and not with the naked eye on a chart.

Box of the card game BANG! by dV Giochi

Perfect Play in BANG!

Game theory · PDF, 3 pages

BANG! is a hidden-role card game: a Sheriff, his Deputies, a band of Outlaws and a Renegade who wins alone. Every player knows their own role but not everyone else's, and the whole game turns on that asymmetry.

This note asks a narrower question than “how do I win”: how should the game be played if nobody ever made a mistake? It works out what perfect play looks like for each role: the strategy no player can profitably deviate from, and what follows from it about the balance between the factions.

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BANG! is a game by Emiliano Sciarra, published by dV Giochi. The box image is theirs; the analysis is mine.

Box of the card game Saboteur by Frederic Moyersoen

Saboteur

Game theory · Analysis

Saboteur is a hidden-role card game set in a mine. The miners lay cards to build a path towards the gold nugget; the saboteurs, hidden among them, have to stop them before the deck runs out. Nobody knows anyone else's role, so the only way to tell allies from enemies is to watch how they play.

This analysis works out how each side should play: the miners' race against the deck, which asks of them only speed and shared information, and the far harder problem of the saboteur, who has to pass for a miner long enough to strike when there is no time left to recover.

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Saboteur is a game by Frederic Moyersoen, published in Italy by Giochi Uniti. The box image is theirs; the analysis is mine.